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tin whistle
The tin whistle, also called the penny whistle,〔''Oxford English Dictionary''〕 English flageolet, Scottish penny whistle, tin flageolet, Irish whistle, feadóg stáin (or simply feadóg) and Clarke London Flageolet〔The Clarke Tin Whistle By Bill Ochs〕 is a simple, six-holed woodwind instrument. It is a fipple flute, putting it in the same category as the recorder, Native American flute, and other woodwind instruments that meet such criteria. A tin whistle player is called a tin whistler or simply a whistler. The tin whistle is closely associated with Celtic music.
== History of the whistle ==
The tin whistle in its modern form is from a wider family of fipple flutes which have been seen in many forms and cultures throughout the world. In Europe such instruments have a long and distinguished history and take various forms; most widely known of these are the recorder, tin whistle, Flabiol, Txistu and tabor pipe.
Almost all primitive cultures had a type of fipple flute and is most likely the first pitched flute type instrument in existence.〔The tin whistle tutor Edition: 3 - 1991 By Michael Raven〕 A possible Neanderthal fipple flute from Slovenia dates from 81,000-53,000 B.C.,〔〔The Essential Guide to Irish Flute and Tin Whistle By Grey Larsen〕〔The Neanderthal Flute, Crosscurrents #183 1997 Greenwich Publishing Canada〕 a German flute from 35,000 years ago, and flute made from sheep's bone in West Yorkshire dating to the Iron Age.〔The Malham Iron-Age Pipe, by A. Raistrick, Professor Spaul and Eric Todd © 1952〕 Written sources that describe a fipple-type flute include the Roman and Greek aulos and tibia. In the early Middle Ages peoples of northern Europe were playing the instrument as seen in 3rd-century British bone flutes,〔English Medieval Bone Flutes c.450 - c.1550 AD. By Helen Leaf〕 and Irish Brehon Law describes flute like instrument. By the 12th century Italian flutes came in a variety of sizes,〔''The Cambridge Companion to the Recorder'' John Mansfield, Thomson et al, 1995 Cambridge〕〔Performance practice: a dictionary-guide for musicians By Roland John Jackson〕 and fragments of 12th-century Norman bone whistles have been found in Ireland, and an intact 14 cm Tusculum clay whistle from the 14th century in Scotland. In the 17th century whistles were called flageolets; a term to describe a whistle with a French made fipple headpiece (common to the modern penny whistle) and such instruments are linked to the development of the English flageolet, French flageolet and recorders of the renaissance and baroque period.〔Whistler's Pocket Companion By Dona Gilliam, Mizzy McCaskill〕 The term flageolet is still preferred by some modern tin whistle who feel this better describes the instrument, as this characterises a wide variety of fipple flutes, including penny whistles.〔Mel Bays Complete Irish Tin Whistle Book By Mizzy McCaskill, Dona Gilliam〕〔The tin whistle tutor the best - 1991 By Michael Raven〕
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